Italy

Primary school lasts 5 years, lower secondary (scuola media) 3, upper secondary 5. Education is compulsory from 6 to 16.

The university tradition here is the oldest in Europe: the University of Bologna is more than nine centuries old.

Upper secondary school is divided into lycées (the academic track — classical, scientific, linguistic, artistic), technical institutes and vocational institutes.

It all ends with a state exam (Esame di Stato) and the Diploma di maturità, which opens access to universities.

Degrees follow the 3 + 2 scheme: Laurea triennale and Laurea magistrale, then a doctorate. Fees at public universities are calculated from family income (the ISEE system), so for many international students they are low — sometimes close to zero.

Separately, there are world-renowned academies of fine arts (Accademia di Belle Arti), conservatories and design schools.

Italian-taught programmes require a B2-level certificate (CILS, CELI or PLIDA); English-taught ones require IELTS/TOEFL. A number of subjects (medicine, architecture, design) have entrance tests and quotas for international students.

Applications are made through the Italian consulate and the Universitaly portal; documents go through legalisation and translation.

Many regions run DSU scholarships: they cover accommodation in a student residence, meals in the canteen and waive tuition. You should apply for them as soon as you are admitted.

The south of the country is cheaper than the north; Milan is the most expensive city. Students may work up to 20 hours a week.